Description of Gagne's 9 Events of Instruction
Robert Gagne published Nine Events of
Instruction. The events identify the
mental conditions needed for learning based on an information processing
model. Gagne's approach to
instructional design has influenced many other design approaches. He proposed
that events of learning and categories of learning outcomes work together to
provide a framework that can account of learning conditions. Gagne's Nine Events
of Instructions has been described as a guide for good lesson design. Gagne
correlated the Nine Events of Instruction with the associated internal mental
processes and formulated these events as elements for a good lesson design to
promote effective learning. These instructional events can serve as the basis
for designing instruction and selecting appropriate media for a learning
program. (Neo, Neo & Leow 2011)
(Image from UNT Health Science Center http://www.hsc.unt.edu/departments/cld/CourseDesign-TeachingStrategies.cfm)
Gagne's 9 Events of Instruction Relationship to Learning Theory
According to Gagne,
effective instruction should reach beyond traditional learning theories. (Neo, Neo & Leow 2011) Gagne’s Nine Events are tied to behaviorist principles of
learning. They focus on outcomes of
training and instruction. Though coming from a behaviourist background, Gagné's 9 events of instruction is one of the most popular instructional models that can be adapted to assimilate the notions of constructivism (Ullah, Rehman & Bibi 2015) Combining Gagne’s Nine Events with Bloom’s Taxonomy can lead to engaging and meaningful instruction.
Example using the Instructional Model
1. 1.
Gain Attention
·
Focus
students’ attention
·
Quickly
grab student attention and interest in the topic
·
Ice
breakers, news and events, videos, and etc.
2.
Describe the Goal
·
Inform
learners of objectives
·
Tell
them what they will be able to accomplish
3.
Activate Prior Knowledge
·
Connect
to current lesson to prior learning
·
Build
memory schemas
·
Establish
relevance
·
Give
a survey
4.
Present the Material
·
Use
variety of methods to deliver content
·
Lecture
·
Video
·
Text
·
Activities/Projects
·
Multimedia
5.
Provide Learner Guidance
·
Give
instructions on how to learn
·
Rubrics
·
Guided
inquiry
·
Provide
expectations
6.
Elicit Performance
·
Give
opportunities for practice
·
Students
apply knowledge and skills learned
·
Group
or individual projects and activities, written assignments, lab practices, etc.
7.
Provide feedback
·
Give
detailed formative feedback
·
Provide
areas of strength and improvement
·
Go
over rubric
·
Provide
feedback to discussions
8.
Assess Performance
·
Describe
content areas mastered and not mastered
·
Variety
of assessment methods depending on task (exams/quizzes, written assignments,
projects, etc.)
9.
Retention and Transfer
·
Apply
information to personal context
·
Personalization
of information
·
Provide
opportunities for discussion in small groups
·
Provide
opportunities for students to relate course work to their personal experiences
Related Websites
1. This site provides information of how to use Gagne’s 9
Events of Instruction in e-Learning. It
illustrates how to incorporate each event.
It also provides an overview of Gagne’s Nine Events.
2. Big Dog and Little Dog’s Performance Juxtaposition’s site is very informative. It provides detailed strategies that can be used in conjunction with Gagne’s Nine Events for instruction. It gives examples of the steps usefulness.
http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/learning/id/nine_step_id.html
3. University of Florida center for instructional technology and training provides a great resource for Gagne's 9 Events of Instruction. It provides a list of each event and how to implement the events in lessons. This website contains a list of additional resources.
http://citt.ufl.edu/tools/gagnes-9-events-of-instruction/
References
Ullah, H., Rehman, A. U., & Bibi, S. (2015). GAGNÉ'S 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION - A TIME TESTED WAY TO IMPROVE TEACHING. Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, (4), 535-539. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.nu.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1712287615?accountid=25320
Neo, M., Neo, T.-K., & Leow, F.-T. (2011). Developing an interactive multimedia-mediated learning environment using Gagne's 9 events of instruction in a Malaysian classroom. International Journal of Instructional Media, 38(4), 379+. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.nu.edu/login?url=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA268478402&v=2.1&u=nu_main&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w&asid=4233022bc97a20bb2928812bf479bc00
(2014)Gagne’s 9 events of instruction. Minnesota
State University Mankato Academic Technology Services. Retrieved from https://www.mnsu.edu/its/academic/mavlearn/models/gagne.html
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